Health Information
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Understanding This Symptom
Medical Definition
Subject Matter Expert Verified
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder characterized by chronic anovulation (failure to ovulate), hyperandrogenism (excess male hormones), and polycystic ovarian morphology.
It affects approximately 1 in 10 women of reproductive age and is a leading cause of infertility, driven by insulin resistance and LH/FSH ratio imbalances.
Quick Facts
What Optimal Health Looks Like
Understanding how your body functions when healthy helps identify dysfunction
A healthy menstrual cycle typically ranges 21-35 days with regular ovulation occurring around day 14.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis functions optimally: FSH stimulates follicle development, LH triggers ovulation, estrogen promotes endometrial proliferation, and progesterone maintains the luteal phase.
In healthy women, androgen levels remain balanced with normal SHBG binding, insulin sensitivity is maintained (HOMA-IR < 1.
5), and the ovaries contain a normal number of antral follicles (15-25 per ovary).
Healthy Function
Your body is designed to maintain balance and self-regulate
How This Develops
Insulin Resistance - Up to
Hyperandrogenism - Excess testosterone and androstenedione from ovarian theca cells causes hirsutism, acne, and anovulation; (
LH/FSH Imbalance - Elevated LH relative to FSH (LH/FSH ratio >
stimulates ovarian stromal tissue and promotes cyst formation; (
Ovarian Cyst Formation - Arrested antral follicles fail to mature, forming multiple peripheral cysts beneath the ovarian capsule; (
Chronic Anovulation - Persistent estrogen exposure without progesterone leads to endometrial hyperplasia; (
Chronic Inflammatory State - Elevated CRP, IL-
Understanding the mechanism helps us target the root cause rather than just treating symptoms.
What Happens If Left Untreated
Understanding the consequences helps you make informed decisions about your health
Short-Term Consequences
Days to weeks
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Time Matters
Don't wait for symptoms to worsen. Early intervention leads to better outcomes.