Eye pain develops through multiple mechanisms depending on the underlying cause. Surface pain typically arises from irritation of the highly innervated cornea and conjunctiva, where nerve endings detect foreign particles, inflammation, or trauma. Deep orbital pain often originates from pressure on the optic nerve or surrounding structures, as seen in glaucoma or sinus infections. Neurological eye pain, such as that occurring with migraines, involves trigeminal nerve activation and vascular changes. Inflammatory processes release prostaglandins and cytokines that sensitize pain receptors, while dryness triggers friction-related discomfort during blinking.