pain

Abdominal Pain

Medical term: Stomach Pain

Comprehensive guide to abdominal pain: types, causes, diagnosis, and integrative treatment options at Healers Clinic Dubai. Expert care with Homeopathy, Ayurveda, IV Nutrition, and advanced diagnostics.

40 min read
8,000 words
Updated March 15, 2026
Section 1

Overview

Key Facts & Overview

- [Definition & Medical Terminology](#definition--medical-terminology) - [Anatomy & Body Systems Involved](#anatomy--body-systems-involved) - [Types & Classifications](#types--classifications) - [Causes & Root Factors](#causes--root-factors) - [Risk Factors & Susceptibility](#risk-factors--susceptibility) - [Signs, Characteristics & Patterns](#signs-characteristics--patterns) - [Associated Symptoms & Connections](#associated-symptoms--connections) - [Clinical Assessment & History](#clinical-assessment--history) - [Medical Tests & Diagnostics](#medical-tests--diagnostics) - [Differential Diagnosis](#differential-diagnosis) - [Conventional Medical Treatments](#conventional-medical-treatments) - [Integrative Treatments at Healers Clinic](#integrative-treatments-at-healers-clinic) - [Self-Care & Home Remedies](#self-care--home-remedies) - [Prevention & Risk Reduction](#prevention--risk-reduction) - [When to Seek Help](#when-to-seek-help) - [Prognosis & Expected Outcomes](#prognosis--expected-outcomes) - [Frequently Asked Questions](#frequently-asked-questions) ---
Section 2

Definition & Terminology

Formal Definition

### Formal Medical Definition Abdominal pain is formally defined as pain or discomfort localized in the region between the chest and the pelvis, encompassing the space bounded by the diaphragm superiorly, the pelvic brim inferiorly, and the flanks laterally. This region is clinically referred to as the abdomen. Medical professionals classify abdominal pain based on its origin, duration, character, location, and associated features. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines abdominal pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage in the abdominal region, or described in terms of such damage. This definition emphasizes both the physical and psychological components of the pain experience, which is particularly relevant for chronic abdominal pain conditions where stress and emotional factors often play significant roles. From a pathophysiological perspective, abdominal pain arises from nociceptive activation in visceral, somatic, or mixed tissues. Visceral pain originates from internal organs and is often poorly localized, while somatic pain arises from the abdominal wall and is more precisely localized. Understanding these distinctions helps guide both diagnosis and treatment approaches at our clinic. ### Etymology & Word Origin The word "abdomen" comes from the Latin "abdere," meaning "to hide" or "to conceal," possibly referring to the internal location of abdominal organs. The term "pain" derives from the Latin "poena," meaning penalty or punishment, reflecting the ancient association between pain and suffering. In medical terminology, "abdominal" simply means pertaining to the abdomen. The medical specialty focusing on abdominal disorders is called "gastroenterology," from the Greek "gaster" (stomach), "enteron" (intestine), and "logos" (study). This field encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the entire digestive tract, from the esophagus to the rectum, including the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. ### Related Medical Terms | Term | Definition | |------|------------| | Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach lining, often causing upper abdominal pain | | Dyspepsia | Indigestion or discomfort in the upper abdomen, often related to eating | | Enteritis | Inflammation of the small intestine | | Colitis | Inflammation of the large intestine | | Peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum (abdominal cavity lining) | | Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix, requiring urgent evaluation | | Cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder, often causing right upper quadrant pain | | Diverticulitis | Inflammation of pouches (diverticula) in the colon | | Ileus | Intestinal obstruction preventing passage of contents | | Mesenteric Ischemia | Reduced blood flow to the intestines, a serious condition | ### Classification Overview Medical professionals classify abdominal pain using several systems. By duration: acute (sudden onset, less than 48 hours), subacute (gradual onset over days to weeks), chronic (persisting more than three months), and recurrent (episodic). By location: upper abdominal, lower abdominal, generalized, or localized to specific quadrants. By mechanism: visceral (organ), somatic (abdominal wall), or referred (distant origin). Each classification provides clinically useful information for diagnosis and treatment planning. ---

Etymology & Origins

The word "abdomen" comes from the Latin "abdere," meaning "to hide" or "to conceal," possibly referring to the internal location of abdominal organs. The term "pain" derives from the Latin "poena," meaning penalty or punishment, reflecting the ancient association between pain and suffering. In medical terminology, "abdominal" simply means pertaining to the abdomen. The medical specialty focusing on abdominal disorders is called "gastroenterology," from the Greek "gaster" (stomach), "enteron" (intestine), and "logos" (study). This field encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the entire digestive tract, from the esophagus to the rectum, including the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Anatomy & Body Systems

Primary Systems

Gastrointestinal Tract:

The GI tract is the primary system involved in abdominal pain. It runs from mouth to anus and includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, rectum), liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas. Each organ has specific functions and can produce characteristic pain patterns based on its structure and nerve innervation.

The stomach serves as a reservoir for food and begins protein digestion through acid and enzyme secretion. The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption, while the large intestine absorbs water and processes waste. The liver performs metabolism, detoxification, and bile production essential for fat digestion. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, releasing it when needed for fat digestion. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones including insulin.

Urinary System:

The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra constitute the urinary system, which filters blood and eliminates waste products. Kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and bladder dysfunction can all present with abdominal pain. The kidneys are located retroperitoneally, meaning behind the abdominal cavity, but pain can refer to the abdomen.

Reproductive System:

In females, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix lie within the abdominal cavity. Conditions affecting these organs, including menstrual cramps, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease, commonly cause abdominal pain. In males, the prostate and testicles can occasionally cause referred abdominal pain.

Abdominal Wall:

The muscles and connective tissues of the abdominal wall—including the rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, and transversus abdominis—can produce pain related to strain, injury, hernias, or nerve compression. Musculoskeletal abdominal pain is often mistaken for internal organ pain but requires different treatment approaches.

Physiological Mechanisms

Abdominal pain results from activation of nociceptors (pain receptors) in response to various stimuli. Stretch or distension of hollow organs activates stretch receptors, causing cramping or colicky pain. Inflammation releases chemical mediators that sensitize pain receptors, producing persistent aching pain. Ischemia (reduced blood flow) creates severe pain due to metabolic buildup in tissues. Chemical irritation from bile, pancreatic enzymes, or stomach acid can also trigger pain responses.

The autonomic nervous system mediates visceral pain, explaining why abdominal pain often accompanies nausea, vomiting, sweating, and changes in heart rate. The vagus nerve carries sensory information from upper abdominal organs, while pelvic organs transmit signals through the pelvic nerves. This explains the autonomic symptoms often associated with abdominal pain.

Cellular Level

At the cellular level, abdominal pain involves activation of nociceptive neurons in the abdominal tissues. These specialized nerve cells detect potentially damaging stimuli and transmit signals to the spinal cord and brain for processing. Inflammatory conditions release prostaglandins, bradykinin, histamine, and other mediators that lower the threshold for pain activation, causing normally non-painful stimuli to become painful (allodynia) and amplifying pain responses (hyperalgesia).

The gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in abdominal pain, particularly in functional disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This bidirectional communication network between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system influences pain perception, emotional responses, and autonomic function. Dysregulation of the gut-brain axis contributes to chronic abdominal pain syndromes and is a key target of integrative treatment approaches at Healers Clinic.

Types & Classifications

By Duration

Acute Abdominal Pain: Acute abdominal pain develops suddenly, often reaching maximum intensity within minutes to hours. It typically indicates an urgent or emergency condition requiring prompt medical evaluation. Common causes include appendicitis, gallstones, kidney stones, perforation, bowel obstruction, acute pancreatitis, and ectopic pregnancy. The sudden onset and progressive worsening characterize acute abdominal pain, which often requires immediate diagnostic workup and may necessitate surgical intervention.

Chronic Abdominal Pain: Chronic abdominal pain persists for more than three months, either continuously or intermittently. It may result from ongoing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, chronic pancreatitis, endometriosis, or functional disorders like IBS. Chronic pain often involves complex interactions between the gut and nervous system, requiring comprehensive assessment and multi-modal treatment approaches. At Healers Clinic, we find that chronic abdominal pain frequently responds well to integrative therapies that address both physical and psychological contributors.

Recurrent Abdominal Pain: Recurrent abdominal pain involves discrete episodes of pain separated by pain-free periods. This pattern is common in conditions like IBS, functional abdominal pain, menstrual-related pain, and certain types of gallbladder disease. The episodic nature suggests either intermittent obstruction, cyclical inflammation, or functional dysregulation that our practitioners are experienced in evaluating and treating.

By Location

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Pain: Pain in the RUQ typically involves the liver, gallbladder, right kidney, duodenum, and right colon. Common causes include gallstones, cholecystitis, hepatitis, and right kidney pathology. Pain may radiate to the right shoulder or scapula due to diaphragmatic irritation (Kehr's sign).

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) Pain: LUQ pain may involve the spleen, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, and left colon. Splenic injury, gastritis, pancreatitis, and left kidney stones present with LUQ pain. The spleen is particularly vulnerable to injury in trauma.

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) Pain: RLQ pain is classically associated with appendicitis but may also involve the right ovary and fallopian tube in females, right ureter, and cecum. Appendicitis typically begins as periumbilical pain that migrates to the RLQ.

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) Pain: LLQ pain often involves the sigmoid colon, left ovary and fallopian tube in females, and left ureter. Diverticulitis, ovarian pathology, and kidney stones are common causes.

Epigastric Pain: Epigastric pain occurs in the upper central abdomen, below the breastbone. It is commonly associated with gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), pancreatitis, and heart conditions that can present with epigastric discomfort.

Periumbilical Pain: Pain around the navel is often associated with early appendicitis, small bowel obstruction, and mesenteric ischemia. Its central location often makes localization difficult for patients.

Suprapubic Pain: Suprapubic pain occurs above the pubic bone and often involves the bladder, uterus, prostate, or lower bowel. Urinary tract infections, menstrual pain, and prostatitis are common causes.

By Character

Visceral Pain: Visceral pain originates from internal organs and is typically dull, aching, or cramping in quality. It is often poorly localized and may be accompanied by autonomic symptoms like nausea, sweating, and vomiting. Visceral pain results from stretch, distension, or ischemia of hollow organs.

Somatic Pain: Somatic pain arises from the abdominal wall, peritoneum, and musculoskeletal structures. It is typically sharp, stabbing, or burning and is well-localized to the affected area. Somatic pain often worsens with movement, coughing, or palpation.

Referred Pain: Referred pain is perceived in an area distant from its actual origin due to shared nerve pathways. Classic examples include shoulder pain from gallbladder disease (C3-C4 nerve roots) and left arm/jaw pain from cardiac ischemia.

Causes & Root Factors

Primary Causes

1. Gastrointestinal Causes:

Gastritis and peptic ulcers result from Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, or excessive acid production. These conditions cause burning epigastric pain often worsened by eating. Appendicitis begins with vague periumbilical pain that migrates to the RLQ, accompanied by fever and anorexia. Diverticulitis causes LLQ pain due to inflammation of pouches in the sigmoid colon.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits, bloating, and mucus in stool. While not dangerous, IBS significantly impacts quality of life and responds well to integrative treatment. Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) causes chronic abdominal pain with diarrhea, sometimes bloody.

2. Hepatobiliary Causes:

Gallstones cause RUQ pain when they obstruct the cystic duct or common bile duct. The pain, called biliary colic, typically occurs after fatty meals and may radiate to the shoulder. Cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation) causes persistent RUQ pain with fever. Hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, or toxic) causes RUQ discomfort with jaundice, fatigue, and nausea.

3. Pancreatic Causes:

Pancreatitis results from gallstones, alcohol use, or other factors, causing severe epigastric pain radiating to the back. The pain is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and fever. Pancreatic cancer may present with persistent epigastric pain, weight loss, and jaundice.

4. Urinary Causes:

Kidney stones cause severe colicky flank pain radiating to the groin, often described as the worst pain patients have experienced. Urinary tract infections cause suprapubic pain with burning urination, urgency, and frequency. Pyelonephritis (kidney infection) causes flank pain with fever and systemic symptoms.

5. Gynecological Causes:

Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) causes crampy lower abdominal pain during menstruation. Ovarian cysts may cause unilateral pelvic pain, especially if they rupture or become twisted (torsion). Endometriosis causes chronic pelvic pain, painful periods, and pain during intercourse. Ectopic pregnancy is a surgical emergency causing unilateral pain with vaginal bleeding.

6. Musculoskeletal Causes:

Abdominal wall strains, hernias, and nerve entrapments cause somatic abdominal pain that worsens with movement. Post-herpotic neuralgia following shingles can cause persistent burning pain in the abdominal region.

Contributing Factors

Dietary Factors: High-fat foods, spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated beverages can trigger or worsen abdominal pain in susceptible individuals. Food intolerances (lactose, fructose, gluten) cause bloating, cramping, and altered bowel habits. Overeating stretches the stomach and can cause discomfort.

Stress and Emotional Factors: The gut-brain axis means psychological stress significantly impacts abdominal symptoms. Anxiety, depression, and trauma can exacerbate functional abdominal pain disorders. Stress increases gut motility and sensitivity, worsening conditions like IBS. In our Dubai practice, we see many patients whose abdominal pain is significantly influenced by work-related stress and lifestyle factors.

Infections: Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) causes acute abdominal pain with vomiting and diarrhea. Bacterial infections from food poisoning or H. pylori can cause more persistent symptoms. Parasitic infections from contaminated food or water cause chronic abdominal pain with diarrhea.

Medications: NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin) commonly cause gastritis and can lead to ulcers. Antibiotics can disrupt gut flora and cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea and abdominal pain. Steroids, blood thinners, and certain other medications also affect the gastrointestinal tract.

Pathophysiological Pathways

The development of abdominal pain involves multiple interconnected pathways. Inflammatory pathways release cytokines and prostaglandins that sensitize nocicepters in the gut wall. Mechanical pathways involve stretch and distension of hollow organs activating stretch receptors. Ischemic pathways occur when blood flow is reduced, as in mesenteric ischemia or splenic infarction. Neuropathic pathways involve nerve damage or dysfunction, as in post-surgical pain or diabetic neuropathy.

Functional abdominal pain disorders involve dysregulation of the gut-brain axis, where normal visceral signals are amplified and perceived as painful. This central sensitization represents a key target for treatment, addressing not just the gut but also the nervous system's processing of pain signals.

Risk Factors

Non-Modifiable Factors

Age: Certain conditions are more common in specific age groups. Appendicitis is most common in adolescents and young adults. Gallstones increase with age, particularly in women over 40. Diverticulitis becomes more common after age 40. Colorectal cancer risk increases significantly after age 50.

Sex: Women are more likely to experience abdominal pain from gynecological causes, including menstrual disorders, ovarian cysts, and endometriosis. Gallstones are more common in women. Men are slightly more likely to have abdominal pain from colorectal cancer.

Family History: Genetic predisposition exists for conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and certain cancers. Family history of IBS, migraines, or autoimmune conditions may increase risk of functional abdominal pain disorders.

Previous Medical History: Prior abdominal surgeries create adhesions that can cause bowel obstruction. Previous episodes of pancreatitis, kidney stones, or gallbladder disease increase recurrence risk. History of pelvic inflammatory disease or sexually transmitted infections increases gynecological pain risk.

Modifiable Factors

Dietary Habits: High-fat diets, excessive caffeine and alcohol, processed foods, and irregular eating patterns contribute to abdominal pain. In our Dubai clinic, dietary counseling is a cornerstone of abdominal pain management.

Lifestyle Factors: Smoking increases acid production and impairs mucosal healing. Sedentary lifestyle contributes to constipation and metabolic dysfunction. Poor sleep quality exacerbates pain sensitivity and gut dysfunction.

Stress and Mental Health: Chronic stress, anxiety, depression, and history of trauma increase susceptibility to functional abdominal pain disorders. The gut-brain connection means psychological factors significantly influence gastrointestinal symptoms.

Medication Use: Regular NSAID use significantly increases ulcer risk. Antibiotic overuse disrupts gut microbiome. Certain supplements and herbal products can irritate the gastrointestinal tract.

Healers Clinic Assessment Approach

At Healers Clinic, we perform comprehensive assessment of risk factors during initial consultation. Our integrative approach considers not just the immediate symptoms but the entire context of the patient's life—including stress levels, dietary patterns, sleep quality, emotional health, and lifestyle factors. This holistic understanding allows us to develop treatment plans that address root causes rather than just symptoms.

Signs & Characteristics

Characteristic Features

Quality Descriptors:

  • Burning: Suggests acid-related conditions like gastritis or ulcer, typically in the epigastric region
  • Cramping/Colicky: Indicates intestinal spasm or obstruction, often comes in waves
  • Sharp/Stabbing: Suggests peritoneal inflammation, perforation, or organ torsion
  • Dull/Aching: Common in chronic inflammatory conditions and functional disorders
  • Pressure-like: May indicate cardiac involvement or significant organ distension
  • Gnawing: Characteristic of peptic ulcer disease

Timing Patterns:

  • Pain worse after eating: Gastritis, ulcer, gallbladder disease, pancreatitis
  • Pain better after eating: Duodenal ulcer
  • Pain worse with movement: Peritonitis, musculoskeletal strain
  • Night pain: Peptic ulcer, pancreatic cancer
  • Pain related to menstrual cycle: Endometriosis, dysmenorrhea

Progression Patterns:

  • Pain that starts diffuse and localizes: Classic for appendicitis (migrates from umbilicus to RLQ)
  • Pain that starts severe and remains severe: Surgical emergency
  • Pain that gradually worsens over hours to days: Progressive inflammatory condition
  • Pain that comes and goes with variable intensity: Functional disorder or intermittent obstruction

Location and Radiation

Understanding pain location and radiation patterns helps identify affected organs:

  • Right Upper Quadrant: Liver, gallbladder, right kidney
  • Left Upper Quadrant: Spleen, stomach, pancreas, left kidney
  • Periumbilical: Small intestine, appendix (early), pancreas
  • Right Lower Quadrant: Appendix, right ovary, right ureter, cecum
  • Left Lower Quadrant: Sigmoid colon, left ovary, left ureter
  • Suprapubic: Bladder, uterus, prostate

Radiation Patterns:

  • To right shoulder: Gallbladder disease (diaphragmatic irritation)
  • To left arm/jaw: Cardiac ischemia (can present as epigastric pain)
  • To back: Pancreatitis, duodenal ulcer, kidney stones
  • To groin: Kidney stones, testicular/ovarian pathology

Temporal Patterns

  • Sudden onset: Kidney stones, perforation, torsion, acute pancreatitis
  • Gradual onset: Appendicitis, cholecystitis, bowel obstruction
  • Post-prandial (after meals): Gallbladder disease, gastritis, ulcer
  • Nocturnal: Peptic ulcer (often wakes patient)
  • Variable/unpredictable: IBS, functional abdominal pain

Associated Symptoms

Commonly Associated Symptoms

Gastrointestinal:

  • Nausea and vomiting: Common with gastric irritation, obstruction, and many abdominal conditions
  • Changes in bowel habits: Diarrhea (infection, IBD, IBS), constipation (obstruction, hypothyroidism)
  • Bloating and gas: SIBO, food intolerances, IBS, constipation
  • Heartburn/GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux, hiatal hernia
  • Loss of appetite: Serious conditions like cancer, but also common with gastritis and viral illnesses
  • Early satiety: Gastric outlet obstruction, gastroparesis

Systemic:

  • Fever: Infection or inflammation
  • Weight loss: Malignancy, chronic inflammatory conditions, malabsorption
  • Fatigue: Anemia, chronic disease, metabolic disorders
  • Night sweats: Tuberculosis, lymphoma, chronic infections

Urinary:

  • Painful urination: Urinary tract infection
  • Urinary frequency/urgency: Bladder irritation, infection
  • Hematuria (blood in urine): Kidney stones, infection, tumor

Gynecological (Females):

  • Vaginal bleeding: Ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, menstrual disorders
  • Pain with intercourse: Endometriosis, vaginal infections
  • Menstrual irregularities: Hormonal disorders, pregnancy

Warning Combinations

Certain symptom combinations require urgent evaluation:

  • Abdominal pain with fever: Serious infection or inflammation
  • Abdominal pain with vomiting and inability to pass gas or have bowel movements: Bowel obstruction
  • Abdominal pain with vomiting blood or blood in stool: GI bleeding, potentially life-threatening
  • Abdominal pain with dizziness, rapid heartbeat, or fainting: Significant bleeding, severe infection, or cardiac event
  • Abdominal pain in pregnancy: Ectopic pregnancy, placental abruption, preterm labor
  • Abdominal pain with jaundice: Biliary obstruction, hepatitis, pancreatic cancer

Healers Clinic Connected Symptoms

At Healers Clinic, we recognize that abdominal pain rarely exists in isolation. Our practitioners assess the entire symptom constellation to identify patterns and underlying imbalances. For example, abdominal pain with bloating, fatigue, and brain fog may suggest SIBO or food intolerance. Abdominal pain with menstrual irregularities and mood changes may indicate hormonal imbalance. This comprehensive understanding guides our integrative treatment approach.

Clinical Assessment

Healers Clinic Assessment Process

At Healers Clinic, our assessment process goes beyond conventional history-taking to understand each patient's unique presentation. We combine conventional medical assessment with traditional diagnostic approaches from Ayurveda and Homeopathy to develop a complete picture of each patient's health.

Initial Consultation (Services 1.1, 1.2):

Your first visit involves comprehensive history-taking where we explore:

  • Pain History: Onset (sudden vs gradual), location, quality, severity (1-10 scale), timing, triggers, relieving factors, progression
  • Associated Symptoms: All other symptoms, even if they seem unrelated
  • Medical History: Previous illnesses, surgeries, hospitalizations, medications
  • Family History: Genetic conditions, family patterns of disease
  • Lifestyle Factors: Diet, exercise, sleep, stress, work, relationships
  • Emotional State: Mood, anxiety levels, trauma history
  • Conventional Review: Systems review to ensure nothing is missed

Ayurvedic Assessment (Service 2.4):

Our Ayurvedic practitioners perform:

  • Prakriti Analysis: Determining your constitutional type (Vata, Pitta, Kapha)
  • Vikriti Analysis: Current imbalance assessment
  • Nadi Pariksha: Pulse diagnosis to assess dosha status and organ function
  • Tongue Diagnosis: Examining tongue coating, color, shape
  • Digestive Assessment: Detailed evaluation of digestive fire (Agni) and digestive waste (Ama)

Homeopathic Assessment (Service 1.5):

Our Homeopathic physicians conduct constitutional case-taking:

  • Physical Generals: Temperature preference, thirst, appetite, digestion, sleep, energy patterns
  • Mental/Emotional: Mood, fears, anxieties, dreams, mental strengths/weaknesses
  • Particulars: Specific symptoms, modalities, sensations
  • Family History: Miasmatic assessment for chronic tendencies

What to Expect at Your Visit

Your Healers Clinic visit typically lasts 45-90 minutes for initial consultations, allowing thorough assessment. Follow-up visits are typically 30-45 minutes. We encourage patients to bring previous medical records, medication lists, and any relevant test results.

Our practitioners work collaboratively, discussing complex cases in team conferences to ensure comprehensive care. This integrative approach allows us to address abdominal pain from multiple angles—treating the immediate symptoms while also addressing underlying causes and preventing recurrence.

Diagnostics

Laboratory Testing (Service 2.2)

Blood Tests:

TestPurposeWhat It Detects
Complete Blood Count (CBC)Infection, anemia, inflammationWhite blood cell elevation, low hemoglobin, platelet abnormalities
Comprehensive Metabolic PanelOrgan function, electrolytesKidney function, liver enzymes, amylase, lipase, glucose
Lipase/AmylasePancreatic functionElevated in pancreatitis
Liver Function TestsLiver healthEnzyme elevation, bilirubin levels
Inflammatory MarkersInflammationESR, CRP elevation
Thyroid FunctionMetabolic disordersHyper/hypothyroidism affecting digestion
H. pylori TestingBacterial infectionCurrent or past infection
Celiac Disease TestingGluten sensitivityAntibody markers

Stool Tests:

TestPurpose
Routine stool analysisInfection, blood, parasites
CalprotectinInflammatory bowel disease
Occult bloodGI bleeding
Parasite testingIntestinal parasites
Microbiome analysisGut bacteria balance

Urine Tests:

TestPurpose
UrinalysisInfection, kidney function, diabetes
Urine cultureBacterial infection
Stone analysisKidney stone composition

Imaging Studies

Ultrasound: First-line imaging for abdominal pain, especially in the RUQ and pelvis. Non-invasive, no radiation, excellent for evaluating gallbladder, liver, kidneys, ovaries, and pregnancy. Can identify gallstones, cysts, masses, fluid collections, and pregnancy.

CT Scan: Cross-sectional imaging excellent for evaluating bowel, pancreas, retroperitoneal structures, and acute abdominal conditions. Particularly useful for appendicitis, diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, pancreatitis, and trauma. Involves radiation exposure.

MRI: Superior soft tissue resolution without radiation. Useful for liver lesions, pancreatic disease, pelvic pathology, and pregnant patients. MRCP specifically evaluates bile ducts and pancreatic ducts.

Endoscopy:

  • Upper GI Endoscopy (EGD): Evaluates esophagus, stomach, duodenum. Detects ulcers, gastritis, reflux, tumors. Allows biopsy and H. pylori testing.
  • Colonoscopy: Evaluates entire colon. Screens for cancer, evaluates IBD, identifies sources of bleeding.
  • Capsule Endoscopy: Small camera capsule swallows to image small intestine.

Advanced Diagnostic Approaches at Healers Clinic

NLS Screening (Service 2.1): Non-linear screening assessment provides bioenergetic evaluation of organ function and potential imbalances. This non-invasive screening helps identify areas of energetic disturbance that may correlate with physical conditions. Many patients find this valuable as part of comprehensive assessment.

Gut Health Analysis (Service 2.3): Comprehensive evaluation including:

  • Microbiome testing to assess bacterial balance
  • SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth) testing
  • Food sensitivity testing
  • Leaky gut assessment
  • Parasite screening

Ayurvedic Analysis (Service 2.4): Traditional diagnostic methods including pulse diagnosis, tongue examination, and constitutional assessment complement conventional diagnostics.

Differential Diagnosis

Conditions to Rule Out

ConditionDistinguishing FeaturesKey Tests
AppendicitisRLQ pain, fever, anorexia, migration from umbilicusUltrasound, CT scan
Gallstones/CholecystitisRUQ pain after fatty meals, jaundice possibleUltrasound
Kidney StonesSevere colicky flank pain radiating to groin, hematuriaCT scan, urinalysis
Peptic UlcerEpigastric pain, worse with eating, night painEGD, H. pylori testing
GastritisBurning epigastric pain, nausea, bloatingEGD, clinical assessment
PancreatitisSevere epigastric pain radiating to back, vomitingLipase/amylase, imaging
Bowel ObstructionColicky pain, vomiting, inability to pass gasX-ray, CT scan
DiverticulitisLLQ pain, fever, altered bowel habitsCT scan
IBSChronic pain with altered bowel habits, no concerning featuresClinical diagnosis, rule out others
Ectopic PregnancyUnilateral pain, vaginal bleeding, amenorrheaPregnancy test, ultrasound
UTI/PyelonephritisSuprapubic/flank pain, fever, urinary symptomsUrinalysis, urine culture
GI PerforationSudden severe pain, rigid abdomen, feverX-ray, CT scan

Similar Conditions

Functional vs Organic: Distinguishing between functional abdominal pain (where no structural abnormality exists) and organic disease is crucial. Functional disorders like IBS involve gut-brain axis dysregulation, while organic conditions have identifiable structural or inflammatory causes. Comprehensive assessment helps differentiate these.

Upper vs Lower Abdomen: Upper abdominal pain often involves stomach, liver, gallbladder, or pancreas. Lower abdominal pain often involves intestines, urinary system, or reproductive organs. Location guides initial diagnostic thinking.

Acute vs Chronic: Acute conditions like appendicitis and perforation require urgent evaluation. Chronic conditions like IBS and functional abdominal pain require longer-term management strategies.

Healers Clinic Diagnostic Approach

Our diagnostic approach combines conventional medicine's strength in identifying structural disease with complementary assessments that identify functional imbalances. This comprehensive approach ensures no important diagnoses are missed while also understanding the whole-person context that influences health and healing.

Conventional Treatments

Pharmacological Treatments

Acid-Suppressing Medications:

  • Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole - block acid production, used for gastritis, GERD, ulcers
  • H2 Blockers: Famotidine, ranitidine - reduce acid production
  • Antacids: Calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide - neutralize existing acid for quick relief

Pain Management:

  • Antispasmodics: Hyoscine, dicyclomine - relax intestinal smooth muscle
  • Simple Analgesics: Paracetamol - pain relief without GI irritation
  • Opioid Analgesics: Used cautiously for severe acute pain (not for chronic use)

Anti-nausea:

  • Prokinetics: Metoclopramide, domperidone - promote gastric emptying
  • Antiemetics: Ondansetron - block nausea and vomiting

Antibiotics:

  • H. pylori Eradication: Triple or quadruple therapy combinations
  • GI Infections: Various antibiotics based on suspected pathogen
  • Diverticulitis: Antibiotics for uncomplicated cases

Inflammatory Conditions:

  • Corticosteroids: For inflammatory bowel disease flares
  • Mesalamine: For ulcerative colitis
  • Immunomodulators: For Crohn's disease

Surgical Interventions

Emergency Surgery:

  • Appendectomy: Removal of inflamed appendix
  • Cholecystectomy: Removal of diseased gallbladder
  • Bowel Resection: Remove necrotic or obstructed bowel
  • Perforation Repair: Close holes in GI tract

Elective Surgery:

  • Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Removal of symptomatic gallstones
  • Hernia Repair: Fix abdominal wall weaknesses
  • Bowel Resection: For Crohn's disease, tumors, diverticular disease

Treatment Goals

Conventional treatment aims to:

  1. Identify and treat the underlying cause
  2. Provide symptomatic relief
  3. Prevent complications
  4. Manage chronic conditions effectively
  5. Maintain quality of life

At Healers Clinic, we work with conventional medicine when needed while also offering integrative options that may reduce reliance on medications or address aspects that conventional treatment cannot.

Integrative Treatments

Constitutional Homeopathy (Services 3.1, 3.5)

Homeopathy offers profound benefits for abdominal pain through individualized remedies selected based on the complete symptom picture. Unlike conventional approaches that often prescribe based on diagnosis alone, Homeopathy considers the entire person—physical symptoms, emotional state, and individual characteristics.

Key Homeopathic Remedies for Abdominal Pain:

  • Arsenicum Album: Burning abdominal pain relieved by heat, anxiety about health, restlessness
  • Nux Vomica: Cramping abdominal pain, especially from overindulgence in food/alcohol, irritability, constipation
  • Bryonia: Worse from slightest movement, thirst for large amounts, irritability
  • Pulsatilla: Changeable symptoms, thirstlessness, desire for attention, weeping
  • Carbo Veg: Bloating, gas, desire to be fanned, faintness
  • Lycopodium: Bloating, gas, worse 4-8pm, lack of confidence
  • China: Debilitating gas, bloating, weakness after fluid loss

Homeopathic treatment is particularly valuable for:

  • Functional abdominal pain disorders (IBS, functional dyspepsia)
  • Recurrent abdominal pain without structural cause
  • Patients seeking to reduce conventional medication use
  • Chronic conditions requiring deep constitutional treatment
  • Acute gastrointestinal episodes

Our Homeopathic physicians conduct thorough constitutional assessments to select the most appropriate remedy for each patient's unique presentation.

Ayurveda (Services 1.6, 4.1, 4.3)

Ayurveda offers comprehensive treatment for abdominal pain through dietary modifications, herbal formulations, detoxification procedures, and lifestyle recommendations tailored to your constitutional type (Prakriti) and current imbalance (Vikriti).

Ayurvedic Understanding of Abdominal Pain:

In Ayurveda, abdominal pain is often related to disturbances in:

  • Agni (Digestive Fire): Weak or irregular digestion leads to accumulation of Ama (toxins)
  • Dosha Imbalance: Vata imbalance causes colicky pain and constipation; Pitta causes burning and inflammation; Kapha causes fullness and sluggishness
  • Ama Accumulation: Undigested food toxins create obstruction and discomfort

Panchakarma (Service 4.1): Our signature detoxification program includes specialized therapies for digestive disorders:

  • Vamana (Therapeutic Emesis): Eliminates Kapha-related digestive congestion
  • Virechana (Purgation): Clears Pitta-related heat and toxicity
  • Basti (Medicated Enema): Addresses Vata disorders, chronic constipation, and lower abdominal pain
  • Nasya (Nasal Administration): Clears sinus and head region affecting digestion

Ayurvedic Herbal Formulations:

  • Digestive Churnas: Blended spices to improve Agni
  • Triphala: Gentle bowel tonic for chronic constipation
  • Avipattikar Churna: Pitta-pacifying formula for hyperacidity
  • Hingvashtak Churna: Vata-pacifying formula for gas and bloating

Ayurvedic Lifestyle (Service 4.3): Dinacharya (daily routines) and Ritucharya (seasonal routines) to maintain digestive health. Specific dietary recommendations based on your constitution and current imbalance.

IV Nutrition Therapy (Service 6.2)

Intravenous nutrition provides direct nutrient delivery for patients with malabsorption, nutritional deficiencies, or need for accelerated healing.

Key IV Protocols for Abdominal Pain Patients:

  • GI Repair Protocol: Glutamine, zinc, vitamin C for gut lining repair
  • Anti-inflammatory Protocol: High-dose vitamin C, B vitamins for inflammation reduction
  • Detoxification Support: Glutathione, B vitamins, minerals for liver support
  • Energy & Vitality: B-complex, magnesium, amino acids for chronic fatigue

IV nutrition is particularly valuable for:

  • Leaky gut syndrome
  • Food sensitivities with malabsorption
  • Post-infectious IBS
  • Chronic inflammatory conditions
  • Recovery from gastrointestinal surgery
  • Nutrient deficiencies from chronic digestive disorders

Gut Health Analysis & Treatment (Service 2.3)

Comprehensive gut health assessment and targeted treatment:

Assessment:

  • Microbiome testing to evaluate bacterial diversity and balance
  • SIBO testing (breath test for bacterial overgrowth)
  • Food sensitivity panels
  • Leaky gut markers
  • Parasitology screening

Treatment:

  • Targeted probiotic protocols
  • Antimicrobial herbs for SIBO/parasites
  • Gut healing nutrients (glutamine, zinc, omega-3s)
  • Dietary elimination protocols
  • Reintroduction programs

Integrative Physiotherapy (Service 5.1)

Physical therapy contributes to abdominal pain treatment through:

Visceral Mobilization: Gentle manual techniques to improve mobility of abdominal organs, reduce restrictions, and enhance circulation to digestive structures.

Core Rehabilitation: Addressing abdominal wall dysfunction, diastasis recti, and postural contributing factors.

Breathwork: Diaphragmatic breathing techniques to reduce stress, improve vagal tone, and support digestive function.

Pain Management: Modalities for managing chronic pain, including TENS, biofeedback, and relaxation techniques.

Yoga Therapy (Service 5.4)

Therapeutic yoga offers significant benefits for abdominal pain:

  • **Gentle Movement:**poses that support digestion without strain
  • Breathing Practices: Pranayama to calm the nervous system and improve gut-brain communication
  • Stress Reduction: Meditation and relaxation to reduce stress-exacerbated symptoms
  • Body Awareness: Developing awareness of digestive function and healthy habits

Self Care

Immediate Relief Strategies

1. Heat Application: Apply a warm compress or heating pad to the abdomen for 15-20 minutes. Heat relaxes smooth muscle and can relieve cramping pain. Use a barrier (cloth) between heat source and skin to prevent burns.

2. Ginger Tea: Fresh ginger tea aids digestion, reduces nausea, and has anti-inflammatory properties. Steep 1-2 inches of fresh ginger in hot water for 10 minutes. Add honey for taste if desired.

3. Peppermint: Peppermint tea or enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules can relieve IBS-related bloating and cramping. (Avoid peppermint oil capsules if you have GERD as it may worsen reflux.)

4. BRAT Diet During Acute Episodes: Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast - bland, easy-to-digest foods during acute gastrointestinal upset. Gradually return to normal diet as symptoms improve.

5. Stay Hydrated: Small frequent sips of water, clear broths, or electrolyte solutions. Avoid large volumes which can worsen nausea.

6. Rest: Allow your body to direct energy toward healing. Avoid strenuous activity until symptoms improve.

Dietary Modifications

Foods to Favor:

  • Easily digestible foods: steamed vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains
  • Fermented foods in moderation: yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut (if tolerated)
  • Soluble fiber: oats, bananas, applesauce
  • Ginger, fennel, cumin for digestion

Foods to Avoid or Limit:

  • Fatty, fried foods - slow digestion, trigger gallbladder
  • Spicy foods - may irritate sensitive stomachs
  • Caffeine - increases acid production
  • Alcohol - irritates stomach lining
  • Carbonated beverages - cause bloating
  • High-FODMAP foods (for IBS): certain fruits, vegetables, dairy, legumes
  • Artificial sweeteners - may cause bloating

Eating Habits:

  • Eat smaller, more frequent meals rather than large meals
  • Chew thoroughly - digestion begins in the mouth
  • Eat sitting upright - avoid slouching during/after meals
  • Allow 2-3 hours between eating and lying down
  • Eat in calm environment, chew slowly

Lifestyle Adjustments

Stress Management:

  • Practice daily relaxation: deep breathing, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation
  • Regular exercise (gentle, like walking) reduces stress and aids digestion
  • Prioritize sleep - poor sleep increases pain sensitivity
  • Consider counseling or therapy for chronic stress, anxiety, or trauma

Physical Activity:

  • Regular moderate exercise improves digestion and reduces stress
  • Avoid intense exercise during acute abdominal pain
  • Gentle yoga, walking, swimming are generally well-tolerated
  • Abdominal exercises may need modification with certain conditions

Sleep Quality:

  • Maintain regular sleep schedule
  • Elevate head slightly if GERD is present
  • Allow adequate time for digestion before bedtime

Home Management Protocols

For Occasional Indigestion:

  1. Avoid overeating
  2. Sip ginger or peppermint tea
  3. Apply heat to abdomen
  4. Avoid lying down immediately
  5. Consider OTC antacid if appropriate

For Recurrent Mild Abdominal Pain:

  1. Keep food/symptom diary to identify triggers
  2. Implement dietary modifications
  3. Practice stress management daily
  4. Ensure adequate hydration and fiber
  5. Consider seeing a practitioner for constitutional assessment

When to Escalate:

  • If pain worsens or becomes severe
  • If new symptoms develop
  • If self-care measures aren't working after several days
  • If pain recurs frequently

Prevention

Primary Prevention

Healthy Dietary Habits:

  • Maintain balanced diet with adequate fiber
  • Stay hydrated - aim for 8+ glasses water daily
  • Limit processed foods, excess sugar, unhealthy fats
  • Eat regular meals - don't skip meals
  • Practice mindful eating - avoid eating when stressed

Lifestyle Practices:

  • Maintain healthy weight
  • Exercise regularly (most days of the week)
  • Manage stress effectively
  • Get adequate sleep (7-9 hours)
  • Limit alcohol consumption
  • Avoid smoking

Infection Prevention:

  • Practice food safety - cook meats thoroughly, wash produce
  • Wash hands frequently
  • Drink safe water
  • Consider H. pylori testing if you have recurrent symptoms

Secondary Prevention

For Those with Recurrent Abdominal Pain:

  • Identify and avoid personal triggers through food/symptom diary
  • Maintain consistent eating and sleep schedules
  • Continue stress management practices
  • Adhere to any maintenance treatment recommendations
  • Attend follow-up appointments as recommended

Early Detection:

  • Don't ignore persistent symptoms
  • Seek evaluation for alarm features: blood, weight loss, fever, progressive pain
  • Undergo recommended screening based on age and risk factors
  • Consider regular check-ups if you have chronic digestive conditions

Healers Clinic Preventive Approach

At Healers Clinic, we believe prevention extends beyond avoiding illness to building optimal health. Our preventive approach includes:

  • Constitutional assessments to understand your unique health profile
  • Personalized recommendations for diet, lifestyle, and seasonal routines
  • Regular detoxification programs (Panchakarma) for digestive maintenance
  • Maintenance Homeopathic treatment for chronic conditions
  • Education empowering you to maintain your health

When to Seek Help

Emergency Signs - Seek Immediate Medical Attention

Call emergency services or go to the emergency department if you experience:

  • Sudden, severe abdominal pain that is unlike anything you've experienced
  • Pain accompanied by fever above 38°C (100.4°F)
  • Inability to keep any food or fluids down for 12+ hours
  • Vomiting blood or material resembling coffee grounds
  • Blood in stool (black, tarry, or bright red)
  • Difficulty breathing, lightheadedness, or fainting
  • Severe tenderness when touching abdomen
  • Yellow skin or eyes (jaundice)
  • Swollen, tender abdomen
  • Pain during pregnancy

Schedule Appointment When

Make an appointment at Healers Clinic if you experience:

  • Abdominal pain lasting more than a few days
  • Recurrent abdominal pain
  • Pain that comes and goes over weeks or months
  • Abdominal pain with other persistent symptoms
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Persistent changes in bowel habits
  • Feeling full quickly when eating (early satiety)
  • Pain related to meals
  • Heartburn or reflux not relieved by lifestyle measures

Red Flags Requiring Prompt Evaluation

  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Persistent fever
  • Night pain that wakes you
  • Progressive worsening of pain
  • Blood in stool or vomit
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Persistent vomiting

How to Book Your Consultation

Contact Healers Clinic:

  • Phone: +971 56 274 1787
  • Online Booking: https://healers.clinic/booking/
  • Location: St. 15, Al Wasl Road, Jumeira 2, Dubai, UAE
  • Hours: Monday 12-9pm | Tuesday-Saturday 9am-9pm | Sunday Closed

Services Available:

  • General Consultation (1.1)
  • Holistic Consultation (1.2)
  • Ayurvedic Consultation (1.6)
  • Homeopathic Consultation (1.5)
  • Lab Testing (2.2)
  • NLS Screening (2.1)
  • Gut Health Analysis (2.3)
  • Panchakarma (4.1)
  • IV Nutrition (6.2)

Prognosis

General Prognosis

The outlook for abdominal pain depends heavily on the underlying cause:

Acute Conditions: Most acute abdominal pain conditions resolve with appropriate treatment. Appendicitis, kidney stones, and acute infections typically have excellent outcomes with timely intervention. Even serious conditions like acute pancreatitis have good prognosis with modern medical care.

Chronic Conditions: Many chronic abdominal pain conditions can be effectively managed with comprehensive treatment. IBS, functional abdominal pain, and chronic gastritis often show significant improvement with integrative approaches addressing lifestyle, diet, stress, and emotional factors.

Progressive Conditions: Conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, chronic pancreatitis, and malignancy require ongoing management. Early detection and comprehensive treatment improve outcomes significantly.

Factors Affecting Outcome

Positive Prognostic Factors:

  • Early intervention and treatment
  • Accurate diagnosis of underlying cause
  • Comprehensive treatment addressing all contributing factors
  • Patient engagement and adherence to treatment
  • Strong support systems
  • Positive mental outlook

Challenges:

  • Delayed presentation or diagnosis
  • Complex multi-factorial causes
  • Psychological contributors (anxiety, trauma)
  • Underlying progressive conditions
  • Medication side effects

Recovery Timeline

Acute Pain:

  • Most acute conditions improve within days to weeks with appropriate treatment
  • Post-surgical recovery varies by procedure (2-6 weeks typically)
  • Infections typically resolve within 1-2 weeks

Chronic Pain:

  • Initial improvement often within 2-4 weeks of comprehensive treatment
  • Continued improvement over 3-6 months with sustained treatment
  • Long-term management for persistent conditions

Quality of Life Considerations

At Healers Clinic, we measure success not just by symptom resolution but by overall quality of life improvement. Our integrative approach addresses:

  • Physical comfort and function
  • Emotional wellbeing
  • Social and work participation
  • Sleep quality
  • Energy levels
  • Overall sense of health and vitality

Many patients find that addressing their abdominal pain through integrative medicine leads to improvements far beyond what they expected—better digestion, more energy, improved mood, and greater resilience to stress.

FAQ

Q: What are the most common causes of abdominal pain?

A: The most common causes include gastritis, IBS, constipation, food intolerances, gallstones, urinary tract infections, and menstrual cramps. More serious but less common causes include appendicitis, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Proper diagnosis requires evaluation by a healthcare provider.

Q: When should I be worried about abdominal pain?

A: Seek immediate care for severe sudden pain, pain with fever above 38°C, vomiting blood or having bloody stools, inability to keep fluids down, fainting, severe tenderness, or yellow skin/eyes. Schedule appointment for persistent pain lasting more than a few days, recurrent pain, or pain with unexplained weight loss.

Q: How is abdominal pain diagnosed?

A: Diagnosis involves detailed history, physical examination, and often diagnostic testing. Initial tests may include blood tests, stool tests, and ultrasound. Further testing may include CT scan, endoscopy, or specialized tests depending on suspected cause.

Q: Can stress cause abdominal pain?

A: Yes, stress significantly impacts abdominal health through the gut-brain axis. Stress can increase gut sensitivity, alter motility, and exacerbate conditions like IBS. Managing stress through relaxation techniques, counseling, and lifestyle modifications is often an important part of treatment.

Q: What dietary changes help with abdominal pain?

A: Common beneficial changes include eating smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods (fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods), increasing fiber gradually, staying hydrated, and avoiding eating right before bed. Food sensitivity testing can identify individual triggers.

Q: How does Homeopathy help with abdominal pain?

A: Homeopathy treats the whole person, not just the symptom. A constitutional remedy is selected based on your complete picture—including pain characteristics, emotional state, and individual traits. This individualized approach can address chronic abdominal pain that doesn't respond to conventional treatment.

Q: What is Panchakarma and how does it help abdominal pain?

A: Panchakarma is an Ayurvedic detoxification program with specialized therapies (Vamana, Virechana, Basti) that cleanse accumulated toxins (Ama) and restore digestive function. It's particularly helpful for chronic digestive disorders, bloating, constipation, and abdominal discomfort related to toxin accumulation.

Q: How long does treatment take to work?

A: Acute conditions often improve within days to weeks with appropriate treatment. Chronic conditions typically show initial improvement within 2-4 weeks of comprehensive treatment, with continued improvement over several months. Some conditions require ongoing management.

Q: Can abdominal pain be prevented?

A: While not all abdominal pain is preventable, you can reduce risk by maintaining healthy diet, managing stress, exercising regularly, avoiding known food triggers, limiting alcohol, not smoking, and seeking prompt evaluation for persistent symptoms.

Q: Why choose integrative treatment for abdominal pain?

A: Integrative treatment addresses not just symptoms but underlying causes and contributing factors. It combines the strengths of conventional medicine for accurate diagnosis and acute treatment with traditional systems (Homeopathy, Ayurveda) that can address chronic conditions, improve overall health, and reduce medication reliance.

Related Symptoms

Chest Discomfort Shortness of Breath Heart Palpitations

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Our specialists at Healers Clinic Dubai are here to help you with abdominal pain.

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